So are you new Engineering graduates or experienced professionals who want to enter Facebook? Then here is some information you need to know about the Facebook Technical Hierarchy. 

Okay without further ado let’s start the article with a short introduction to Facebook. 

About Facebook 

As we all know Facebook is a Multinational American Internet and Social Media company. It was formed by Mark Zuckerberg to connect people around the globe. Now it is owned under Meta Platforms. As of 2025 more than 3.07 billion users are monthly active on Facebook. 

It is available in more than 112 languages worldwide. It has 67,317 employees around the globe (as of 2023). Like other, American multinational companies Facebook also uses the grade or band system to classify the Hierarchy of the Employees. 

However, when it comes to the technical field, in Facebook instead of grading them as a senior, fellow, Lead, etc… They are called by their levels. You should first understand this Leveling or banding system to understand how much you can earn as a Software Engineer in Facebook. 

So here are they for your information – 

Technical Hierarchy of the Software Engineers

The software engineers are covered under the E band on Facebook, and they are given a certain level when they enter the company. It shows their seniority and power in the organization. They are as follow –

Software Engineer Level I 

He comes under the band E3. It is the level of position you will be allotted when you’re hired as a fresh graduate. You’re expected to write basic codes and conduct some tests. 

The Average Annual Salary of an E 3 Software Engineer in Facebook is $193907 including cash bonus and Stock Options. 

Software Engineer Level II

These E4 band software engineers are expected to be experienced and considered as senior software engineers in other companies. If you have experience then there is a chance for you to get hired directly for this position. 

The Average Annual Salary of an E4 Software Engineer in Facebook is $307414 including cash bonus and Stock Options. 

Software Engineer Level III

You will be promoted to Level 3 or E5 Software Engineer if you work on Facebook for more than 5 years. This Software Engineer is equal to the team lead or Super Senior software Engineer in other companies. 

The average annual Salary of an E5 Software Engineer in Facebook is $ 471762 including cash bonus and Stock Options. 

Software Engineer Level IV 

The next band is the E6 which is equal to a project lead or Team Lead position in other organizations. This is most likely the position till which you can get hired directly. 

The average annual salary of an E6 Software Engineer in Facebook is $ 756711 including cash bonus and Stock Options. 

Software Engineer Level V 

As a Level 5 Software Engineer, you will be graded in the E7 band and you will be responsible to contact the clients or customers to make adjustments in the Codes and Software. 

The Average Annual Salary of the E7 Software Engineer in Facebook is equal to $1291730 including cash bonus and Stock Options. 

Software Engineer Level VI 

This is the final level, you can be promoted as a software engineer. Hereafter you will be moved to management or other technical parts of the company. It equals the technical director position of the other organizations. 

The Average Annual Salary of this E8 band software Engineer in Facebook is $2187487 including cash bonus and Stock Options. 

From the above points, you can see that all the Software Engineer level shows a promising compensation. So if you want to choose your career path then Facebook is the best choice for you. 

If you have any further questions please leave them in the comment section below. 

***The salary packages are only indicative and may vary as per the rise and low of the demand.***

You can also watch this video for better understanding:

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Technical Hierarchy in Honeywell

Technical Hierarchy: PayPal

Are you planning to get an Information Technology, Engineering, or any other tech-related job at Honeywell? Then you must learn about the different job positions and functionalities of the company. 

Here, in this article, you will get to know about the job level hierarchy and salary and other related information of Honeywell. Okay without further ado let’s start the article with a short introduction to Honeywell. 

Introduction to Honeywell International Incorporation

As a leading Tech multinational corporation, Honeywell focuses mainly on the following four areas: Aerospace, building technologies, performance materials, and safety & productivity solutions. As of 2024, they have more than 102, 000 employees. (ref: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honeywell)

Honeywell Technical hierarchy 

Here are the details of software engineers’ hierarchy on Honeywell International Incorporation. 

Associate Software Engineer

It is the entry-level position you will be first hired after your graduation. Here you will get exposure to the work environment and organizational methods. 

The Average Annual Salary of an Associate Software Engineer is approx. ₹ 5-7 L/yr and an additional bonus. 

Software Engineer 

After one or two years of working experience, you will be promoted or directly hired as a Software Engineer. From here you will start making a real contribution to the organization. 

The Average Annual Salary of a Software Engineer at Honeywell is ₹ 6 -12 L/year and an additional bonus. 

Senior Software Engineer 

As a senior software engineer, you should have good experience and great problem-solving skills. You will be assigned to difficult and important tasks that need more knowledge and skills. 

The Average Annual Salary of a Senior Software Engineer at Honeywell is ₹ 8 -14 L/year and an additional bonus. 

Tech Lead

He/She will be responsible for all the software engineering work. As a tech lead you should have to help the other engineers when they face problems and evaluate their work. 

The Average Annual Salary of Tech Lead on Honeywell is ₹ 12 -18 L/year and an additional bonus.

Project lead / Technology Specialist

The project lead is responsible for the particular project, he manages the project. His responsibility is the same as the tech lead but focused on a particular project. A technology specialist, instead of managing a group/over checks the outcome and makes adjustments to them. 

The Average Annual Salary of a Project Lead at Honeywell is ₹ 25 – 28 L/yr and an additional bonus. And the Average Annual Salary of a Technology Specialist is ₹ 24 – 28L/yr and an additional bonus.

Engineering Manager

An Engineering Manager is the normal business manager with engineering knowledge and skills. You can choose the business or managing side after the tech lead position. 

The Average Annual Salary of an Engineering Manager at Honeywell is ₹ 35 – 40 L/yr and an additional bonus.

Senior Engineering Manager

A Senior Engineering Manager manages a particular branch or department. The Average Annual Salary of a Senior Engineering Manager of Honeywell is ₹ 45 – 50 L/yr and an additional bonus. 

Staff Engineer 

It is the highest most technical position that involves technical skills. If you choose to stay on the technical side you will be promoted as Staff Engineer after being Senior Software Engineer for enough years. The Average Annual Salary of a Staff Engineer at Honeywell is ₹ 55,02,077 and an additional pay and bonus of ₹ 7,79,392. 

Director

A technical Director controls all the branches or offices in a particular area or country. The Average Annual Salary of a Director of Honeywell is ₹ 70 -75 L/yr and an Additional Pay bonus. 

Senior Director / Vice President / Chief Technology Officer (CTO)

Then based on your achievements you will be promoted to a Senior Director, Vice President, or Chief Technology Officer. They are the final decision-makers of the company. And their pay and benefits are unknown (not clear). 

If you have further questions about the Honeywell organizational Hierarchy please leave them in the comment section below. 

***The salary packages are only indicative and may vary as per the rise and low of the demand.***

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Technical Hierarchy in Juniper Networks

Technical Hierarchy in Arista Networks

What is the difference between the Cloud Architect and DevOps Engineer? These new roles with growth of Cloud technologies has increased the confusion about roles? In this article, we will try to demystify some of concepts related to both job roles and try to provide clarity about the Cloud Architect and DevOps Engineer and the difference between them. Let’s start with a short introduction to both.

Who is a Cloud Architect?

A Cloud Architect is a technical expert who designs the infrastructure of cloud-based servers and systems by taking the customer or business requirements in the mind.

People often mistake Cloud Administrator and Cloud Engineer for Cloud Architect. The Cloud Administrator manages and oversees the Cloud Operations whereas the Cloud Architect design and remodels them.

They are reflective in the approach. They overlook the problems in the existing infrastructure and designs and reflect the mistakes and create a new infrastructure for the business.

Roles & Responsibilities of Cloud Architect

Here are the roles and responsibilities of the Cloud Architect –

• They decide the operating procedures, data migration, development operations, etc…
• Deep knowledge of programming knowledge like Java, PHP, Python, etc… And they should also have experience or a strong understanding of cloud-based platforms like Azure, AWS, and GCP, etc…
• They should have a futuristic approach and record the designs for future use.
• Communicates the designs to the other staff, engineers, and technicians and guides them.
• He/she determines how the cloud infrastructure should be designed and how it should be used to meet the final customers’ needs.
• The Cloud Architect has to communicate with the major stakeholders and other third parties and convince them to initiate new and innovative methods.

What is DevOps Engineer?

DevOps is expanded as the Development Operations. It is the framework of Software development that acts as a bridge between the development team and the Operations team. The role acts as the bridge between Cloud Operations and Cloud Development.

The prime motive of DevOps is to reduce the barriers in traditional software development and make the process fast and efficient. DevOps team includes the cloud Engineers, cloud technicians, Data managers, Cloud administrators, etc…

In small organizations, there will be only two positions like Cloud Architect and Cloud engineer, but if the organizations were large then they should adopt a DevOps team consisting of various personalities.

Difference between the Cloud Architect and DevOps Engineer

From the above definition, you should have got a basic idea of what we are talking about. From the table given below, you can understand the difference between Architect and DevOps team in a Cloud Platform.

PARAMETER	CLOUD ARCHITECT	DEVOPS ENGINEER
Organizational position	Leader, decision-maker, and organizer of the Cloud Computing	A Mediator – Acts as a bridge between the development team and operation team.
Focus	Focus on the organizational goals and ensure all the needs and requirements are fulfilled in the design.	The DevOps Engineer mainly focuses on the developmental process. He tries to make it fast and reliable.
Area of Work	Planning and Designing – look for new upgrades and involve in innovation.	A DevOps engineer is responsible for various Development operations and Software application in the cloud platform (Cluster)
Qualifications	Bachelor or master degree in computer engineering and cloud-based certifications, or in any related field	Bachelor’s degree or basic knowledge in Cloud platforms and deep practical skills.
Duties	Communicates with high authorities like the CEO, CTO, business vendors, and suggests to them about new Cloud technologies and methods to adopt them.	The DevOps engineer communicates with both the operation and development team and forms a perfect development plan thinking of both sides.
Ranking	He/she ranks above all the technical Personals involved in cloud-based solutions.	His/her ranking may differ from the organization. He/she might be equal or sub-ordinate to the Cloud Architect.
Alternative	Replaces the place of Cloud Administrator	In short firms, the role is replaced with Cloud Engineer, tech-consultant, and programmers.

Download the difference table here.

Are you still confused? Okay, let me explain this to you in an understandable way.

Assume DevOps Engineer as a builder and Cloud Architect as an Engineer. A builder will know how to build, how to put the bricks, and how to efficiently use the building tools. The Engineer designs the plan including the ventilation, wire connections details.

The same applied to software development. If you have any further questions please leave them in the comment section.

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Cloud Engineer vs DevOps Engineer

DevOps vs NetOps

Are you preparing for your next interview?

Please check our e-store for Cloud Technologies Combo e-books on Interview Q&A on Cloud technologies. All the e-books are in easy to understand PDF Format, explained with relevant Diagrams (where required) for better ease of understanding.

Are you an engineering graduate planning to get a job in Juniper Networks? Want to know about the technical Hierarchy of the Juniper Networks or Juniper Careers? Then you are in the right place.

Here is this article you will get to know about the technical Hierarchy in the Juniper Networks and their respected salary package. Okay without further ado let’s get started. 

A Short Introduction to Juniper Networks

Juniper Networks is an American-based multinational company that develops and markets various Networking products which include routers, switches, network security, and management software. The company was founded in 1996 and is headquartered in Sunnyvale, California.

Originally focusing on the core routers which are used by Internet Service Providers ( ISPs) to direct and manage Internet Traffic. Now, Juniper focuses on software-defined network products, and network security. It became a big competitor to Cisco enterprise on the core routers market. 

Okay this being discussed let’s see the technical hierarchy of the Juniper Networks. 

You can also watch this video for better understanding:

Technical Hierarchy in Juniper Networks: Juniper Careers

As per 2019 data, the Juniper networks employ more than 9400 people around the world under different job titles. However, as an Engineering graduate, you will be recruited for the IT and Design department or Software Development. 

Most times the workers are switched between these two job categories thus there is no clear hierarchy. Here is how the technical hierarchy on Juniper networks is estimated – 

Intern Software Engineer 

As a fresh graduate, you will be mostly recruited to this job. There is no particular defined responsibility for this job here you would be trained to various works and processes. It is more like a training period. 

The average annual salary of the Intern Software Engineer is 5-6 lakhs INR.

Software Engineer – 1

After the training period, you will be officially recruited or become a part of the company. Most of the software Engineer roles and responsibilities are the same. They are classified into three types based on their pay, skills, and experience. 

The Average Annual Salary of the Software Engineer – 1 is 10-12 lakhs INR.

Software Engineer – 2 

After a year or more experience, you will be promoted to Software Engineer 2. Here is where you would get real work and assignments. You will mostly work under the guidance of a senior engineer or executive. 

The Average Annual Salary of the Software Engineer – 2 is 15-18 lakhs INR.

Software Engineer – 3 

It is the senior position where you will gain deep knowledge about the software development process and enough experience. In some branches, this category is used as an alternative for the Senior Software Engineer. 

The Average Annual salary of the Software Engineer – 3 in Juniper networks is 20 -35 lakhs INR.

Software Staff Engineer 

This position is also called the Staff Engineer. It is a technical position that can fall under these categories, Tech Lead, Architect, Solver, etc… Mostly there would be only one Staff Engineer in a particular branch or organization. 

The average annual salary of the staff Engineer in Juniper networks is 40-50 lakhs INR .

Senior Software Staff Engineer 

It is a senior most position that involves software development. A Senior staff engineer can also team lead or head of different projects or product development. They supervise the workings of other software engineers. 

The average annual salary of the Senior staff Engineer in Juniper Networks is 60-65 lakhs INR.

Software Engineering Manager or Product Manager

This position is more based on the administrative or management side. A product manager will meet and communicate with clients and Staff engineers. And formulate the plan of software development and improvement. 

They should also have Engineering knowledge to understand the concepts, but they are more focused on the final output than involving in the development process.

The Average Annual Salary of the Software Engineering manager or Juniper networks is 50 -55 lakhs INR 

Other than these are many other technical positions like network engineers, test engineers, and QA engineers. But there is no clear definition of the hierarchical position they fit in. 

If you have any more questions or doubts regarding the technical hierarchy of the Juniper networks please share them in the comment section below. 

***The salary packages are only indicative and may vary as per the rise and low of the demand.***

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Alcatel Lucent Enterprise: Technical Hierarchy

Technical Hierarchy: Accenture Job Roles

Technical Hierarchy: CISCO Job Roles

Are you preparing for your next interview?

Please check our e-store for e-books on Interview Q&A on IT technologies. All the e-books are in easy to understand PDF Format, explained with relevant Diagrams (where required) for better ease of understanding.

Cloud has changed the way how we do Business. Cost savings have led the IT assets, especially compute Infrastructure migration to Cloud. Accompanied by this move, there have been buffet of new roles which have pretty promising future in Cloud Computing. Two of these very crucial roles are Cloud Engineer and Devops Engineer. While both the roles are imperative part of any Cloud environment, but differ in their responsibilities and scope of work.

Cloud Engineer work area is focused more around provisioning and maintaining of infrastructure and platform for the Public Clouds. To put it another way, they can also be called Infrastructure engineers of Public cloud providers.

The term Devops is short term for Development and Operations. The responsibility of Devops engineer remains around software development and its engineering to expedite the delivery of software applications and services.

Cloud Engineer

Cloud Engineer can be considered a subset of the DevOps Engineer. There is no mandatory requirement for Cloud engineer to be Developer, however Cloud certification becomes essential in order to enhance Cloud Infrastcrture and platform related skills. These professionals work in creating Public Cloud systems for enterprises to use them for communication and sharing of data, its storage, backup, including big-data analysis. In this role, the resource prepares architectures and platforms which would cater to diverse customer needs and their specific requirements. Scalability, high availability and redundancy considerations are also kept in mind while designing architectures. An interaction across teams is required to build the solution, including the platform on Cloud.

Responsibilities of a Cloud Engineer

Cloud Engineer’s responsibility can be described as below –

• Creating Cloud designs and solutions
• Protection of company confidential data over the cloud
• Update Softwares, drivers and firmware where required
• Ensure compatibility of all Operating systems
• Manage Cloud infrastructure

DevOps Engineer

DevOps Engineers work in a collaborative way with operations and development teams with intension to release software products which are robust and within optimal time limits. In order to bring efficiency along with standardization of products, automation is another key scope Devops engineer needs to work on. This role also encompasses tracking the bugs in designs and also creation of automation opportunity for developers. Standard procedures may also be developed to achieve standardization and efficiency in product creation in addition to creation and maintenance of configuration.

Responsibilities of a DevOps Engineer

Devops Engineer’s responsibility can be described as below –

• Explore opportunities to automate things
• Using configuration tools like Puppet and Chef
• Monitoring security issues in Cloud
• Deployment and Maintenance of web applications
• Measuring application performance
• Application integration and testing

Key differences between Cloud Engineer and DevOps Engineer:

• Cloud Engineer is focused more on Infrastructure build and operations, while DevOps resource is dedicated towards development, testing and automation of tools and processes.
• Both the roles need atleast Bachelor’s degree to qualify for these job roles.
• The growth projection of DevOps engineer is pretty high (approximately 24%) in comparison to Cloud engineer (which is close to 6%). Though these figures are based on industry estimations and actuals may vary.
• Software Lifecycle management and Software development is primarily the forte for a DevOps Engineer, who also diligently follow Agile methodology. Cloud Engineer is more inclined towards Platform Designing and Infra designing to support robust Cloud setup of customers.

Comparison Table : Cloud Engineer vs DevOps Engineer

Below table summarizes the difference between the two:

PARAMETERS	CLOUD ENGINEER	DEVOPS ENGINEER
Philosophy	Responsible for creating infrastructure and platforms that help individuals and businesses store and work with programs and data online.	Responsible for software development, engineering to expedite the delivery of software applications and services. Agile methodology is used in creation & testing during the lifecycle of software solution
Key Focus	Infra and Operations	Dev, Operations and QA
Scope	Infrastructure	Software methodology
Qualification	Bachelor’s Degree	Bachelor’s Degree
Job Growth projection	6%	24%
Software Lifecycle understanding	Less	Good understanding
Infra & Platform Designing	Yes	No
Software designing	No	Yes
Agile Methodology	Partially followed	Diligently followed

Download the comparison table here.

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Cloud Architect vs Cloud Engineer

DevOps vs SRE

Are you preparing for your next interview?

Please check our e-store for Cloud Technologies Combo e-books on Interview Q&A on Cloud technologies. All the e-books are in easy to understand PDF Format, explained with relevant Diagrams (where required) for better ease of understanding.

So, are you hired in ERICSSON? Willing to know about the technical hierarchy level in the company? You are in the right place. In this article, you will get a clear understanding of it. 

About ERICSSON

Before we get started, here is a short introduction about the ERICSSON and what they do. 

ERICSSON is a little different from the other IT companies. It is a Swedish Multinational company that provides networking, telecommunications, and other information technology services all around the world. It first started as a telecommunication company that produces many products and services that can help and fix the communications in mobile phones, and several generations of Radios. 

After the IT revolution and the involvement of big data forced them to enter this IT market. It is an Information and Communication Technology Company (ICT) with more than 101,322 employees(2021). Now ERICSSON has been leading the world with the introduction of 5G.

You can also watch this video for better understanding:

Technical Hierarchy in ERICSSON

As a traditional company with a long history, the hierarchy of the ERICSSON is a little complex. Unlike other IT companies they don’t follow any particular band systems to the positions or designations. It is said ERICSSON follows a staging system but that is also not clear to outsiders. 

As ERICSSON deals both with communication and Information technology it is hard to draw the exact chain of command in the ERICSSON. Here is how most of the past employees of ERICSSON reported it.

Stage 4 – GET/AET

GET and AET refers to Graduate Engineer Trainee and Assistant Engineer Trainee. It is the basic technical position in ERICSSON. When you finish your graduation and join the company you will be positioned in this stage. 

Here you will be completely trained in the workings of the organizations. You will be promoted to the next stage after 6 or 18 months based on your performance. 

Stage 5 – Assistant Engineer 

After more than one year of training, you will be appointed as the Assistant engineer where you will work under the Engineers. You will help the engineer in the development, consultation, and maintenance of IT projects. 

This is the stage where you can explore different challenges and learn from them. Once you get enough experience to handle the assignment on your own you will be promoted. Mostly it will be after 2 or 3 years.

Stage 6 – Engineer 

After getting promoted to engineer you will have many responsibilities. You need to finish the assignments allotted to you, and also suggest or convey your innovative ideas to the superiors. 

You are no more subordinate, you will be given mini-tasks or assignments on the whole project. Sometimes you will be the one who is fully in charge of the project if it’s a small one.

Stage 7 – Senior Engineer or Team Lead

There is no difference in the role or responsibilities between the previous position and this. The only thing is you will be more experienced and assigned as the leader of a set of Engineers. 

You are responsible to maintain good cooperation between the team members. As a senior engineer or specialist, you should be able to guide the team members in the case of challenges. 

Stage 8 – Project Manager or Senior Specialists

A project manager is a person who communicates with the client and plans the projects according to their needs. He/she will have technical qualities however mostly focused on the managerial aspect. 

They act as a bridge between the business or administration and the technical team. They ensure whether the rules and regulations of the company are followed in the products. 

After stage 8 the hierarchy in the ERICSSON mostly covers the managerial and business aspects than the technical side. The hierarchy after Stage 8 goes like this.

• Senior manager
• Associate/Assistant Director
• Director
• Vice President
• CEO or President. 
• Chairman 

The stage system explained in the article is just an assumption; there is no clear information about the stages and hierarchy level in the ERICSSON. If you have any further doubts please share them in the comment section.

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HCL Technical Hierarchy

IBM: Technical Hierarchy

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Please check our e-store for e-books on Interview Q&A on IT technologies. All the e-books are in easy to understand PDF Format, explained with relevant Diagrams (where required) for better ease of understanding.

In this article, you will know the different positions and their place in the IBM chain of command. Before getting into the content, here is something you need to know about IBM.

A Short Introduction to IBM

For those who don’t know about IBM, here is a short introduction to it.

IBM or International Business Machine Corporation is the oldest and largest company in the world.

It is an American multinational technology corporation headquartered in Armonk, New York, with operations in over 171 countries. The employee strength is 4,00,000 (2022)

It was founded in 1911 in Endicott, New York, by Charles Ranlett Flintas, as the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (CTR) and was renamed “International Business Machines” in 1924.

As on today, it is the best global technology company that offers hardware, software, and cloud-based applications for both business and scientific research.

Technical Hierarchy of IBM

From the above introduction, you should be clear that IBM is a Multinational Company with complex internal management. And it is very hard to clearly explain the hierarchy as IBM is a merger of 4 major companies. But there is some inside information available for us.

The designation Hierarchy can vary based on the department like HR, Finance, Research, Marketing, etc… To keep it simple, this article only discusses the technical Hierarchy of the IT or Technical personnel in IBM.

You can also watch this video for better understanding:

IBM Band System:

In corporate IBM the band system is used. Here the numbers of bands are allocated to each person based on the amount of responsibility they undertake.

The entry-level is band 6G and is followed by band 6A, 6B, 7A, 7B,band 8 and then band 9. Above Band 9, comes executive bands A, B, C, D, E.

Band 6G: Entry Level Band

A Fresher/Graduate joins at this level and is designated as associates/trainees.

The annual salary of a trainee varies from 3-7 lakhs INR.

After one year of training they are promoted to the next band.

Band 6A

The technical designation assigned is Associate System Engineer/ASE

The annual salary of an ASE varies from 4-8 lakhs INR.

After 2-4 years of experience they are promoted to the next band.

Band 6B

The designations that comes under this band are: System Manager, Senior System Manager, etc.

The annual salary varies from 6-12 lakhs INR.

After 4-6 years of experience they are promoted to the next band.

Band 7A

Mostly, you join this level as a Tech Lead.

The annual salary of a tech lead can vary from 10-20 lakhs INR.

Minimum 5 years of experience is required for the persons joining from other companies and for an IBM insider minimum 7 years experience is required to reach at this level.

After getting good experience, you will be promoted to next level. The promotion after this level is an uphill task.

Band 7B

The designations that comes under this band are: Project Lead, IT Architect, etc.

Minimum 10-12 years of overall experience is required to reach at this band level.

After getting good experience, you will be promoted to next level.

Band 8

The designations that comes under this band are: Senior IT Architect, Delivery Manager, etc.

The annual salary at this band level is above 25 lakhs INR.

After getting vast experience at this level, you will be promoted to next band.

Band 9

The designations like Executive IT Architect comes under this band.

The annual salary at this band level is between 25-40 lakh.

Minimum 15-20 years of overall experience is required to reach at this band level. This band is regarded as the highest in technical chain of command, as after this band the roles shifts more towards executive responsibilities.

Executive bands A, B, C, D, E

These bands cover executive positions like: CEO, Regional heads, etc.

For Example, the Band E is given to a Country Head.

Key Notes:

• Bands may vary slightly based on country or department, but the overall structure remains consistent globally.
• Compensation at each band includes both salary and bonus potential, with higher bands offering more significant stock options, bonuses, and leadership responsibilities.
• Promotion from one band to the next typically involves performance evaluations, project leadership, technical skill growth, and contribution to business outcomes.

If you have any further doubts regarding the hierarchy of IBM please leave them in the comment section below.

***The salary packages are only indicative and may vary as per the rise and low of the demand.***

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Technical Hierarchy of Tech Mahindra

Business Process Manager – Roles & Responsibilities

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Please check our e-store for e-books on Interview Q&A on IT technologies. All the e-books are in easy to understand PDF Format, explained with relevant Diagrams (where required) for better ease of understanding.

It’s normal to think about the hierarchy in your new workplace. This article will help you understand the complex hierarchy of MICROSOFT in a simple way. Without further adieu, let’s start with a short introduction on MICROSOFT.

About Microsoft:

Microsoft is an American multinational company that sells software licenses, computer electronics, and other electrical equipment around the world.  It can be considered as the major player in the OS (Operating System) software market

It is one of the BIG 5 Information Technology Companies along with major players like Google, Apple, Facebook, and Amazon.  It has more than 182,268  employees as per the stats of Q2 2021.

There are number of Microsoft Certifications that will help in building up your profile to join the organization.

You can also watch this video for better understanding:

 Technical Hierarchy of Microsoft

In this article only the positions or designations related to the technical fields of MICROSOFT are discussed. As a lead technology company, it has a complex hierarchy structure. Microsoft follows the level system; each position is given the level based on their power and responsibilities. 

A higher level means a higher salary and benefits. You can easily classify the technical Hierarchy into three categories.

• Entry Level
• Middle Level
• High/ Senior Level

Entry Level Career Positions

It is the position you will be more likely to get hired for when you are a fresher who just graduated. Here you can gain some experience and learn about the workings of the company. You will be responsible to do the works allotted to you by the middle or senior levels. 

The positions that can be covered under the Entry-level are – 

• Software intern
• Software Trainee
• Software Analyst
• Module Lead
• Senior Software Analyst
• C++ Trainee
• Software Technician
• QA Engineer
• Software Quality Engineer
• DATA base Administrator Software
• Software Associate
• Software Assistant
• Configuration manager
• Lead C++ Software Engineer etc…

Middle-Level Career designations

The people in the Middle-level positions will be specialized in any particular department or technique. After gaining enough experience in the base level you will be promoted to the Middle level. The Middle level mostly focuses on the senior personals that are more responsible, experienced, and updated. 

You can also be directly hired into a middle-level position if you have the required skills and experience in other companies. The positions or designations covered under the Middle Level are –

• Software QA Engineer
• SDLC Implementation Manager
• Software Project Manager
• Software Quality Assurance Tester
• Software Application Engineer
• System Administrator 
• Senior Product Manager
• Senior Process Analyst
• Senior C/C++ Software Engineer etc…

Senior/High-level Positions or jobs

These are the highest technical positions one can be promoted in MICROSOFT. Though they are technical experts they mostly work closely with the managerial and business authorities. They are the bridge between the business and technical team in the organization. 

There is less chance for you to directly hire into these positions unless you are an engineering graduate with more than 5 years of experience in other big companies. Or you should have a special skill or idea that will turn the table. 

In the MICROSOFT workforce, the entry and middle levels cover more than 80%, These high ups are very few because they play a very important role in the organization. The positions that come under this Elite level are – 

• Technical Recruitment Manager 
• Senior Software Testing Manager
• Senior Software Developer
• Senior Software Programmer
• Senior Project/Group of projects Manager
• Lead Software Project Engineer
• Senior Software QA Engineer 
• Software Configuration management Administrator
• Project Head
• Chief Technical Officer
• Technical Director Etc… 

The salary can be different between the persons in the same category, because of the ranking or leveling system followed in the MICROSOFT. For example, the Principal Program Manager (PM) or Software Development Engineer (SDE), or Software Development Engineer in Test (SDET) can earn more than senior or Normal PM/SDE/SDET. 

Though they all are covered under the same category their salaries differ because Principal PM is ranked as Level 65-67 whereas the normal PM level is between 61 and 62.  

If you have any further doubts relating to the duties, salaries, responsibilities, etc… Of the technical hierarchy in MICROSOFT please share them in the comment section below. 

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Network Architect – Roles and Responsibility

Enterprise Architect vs Solution Architect

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Are you planning to get a job in CISCO? Then this article will help you. 

In this article, you will be enlightened with Technical Career opportunities available in CISCO and their responsibilities. So, without further delay let’s start the article with a small intro to CISCO. 

About CISCO

CISCO is an American-based Multi-national company located in California, in the center of Silicon Valley. It provides various services like the distribution of networking hardware, telecommunication equipment, and other latest high technology products. 

The company has acquired different subsidiaries in course of time in order to serve the IT industries with quality products. They are specialized in the tech markets and concepts like the Internet of Things (IoT), domain security, and energy management. 

They started their journey as telecommunication and played an important role in widening the LAN (Local Area Network) to connect the computers around the globe. Now they have 79,500 (2021) active employees and a market capitalization of  $226.90 Billion US dollars(as of Mar 2022). 

You can also watch this video for better understanding:

Technical Hierarchy: CISCO Job Roles 

All the designations in the CISCO are classified under a Grade system. There is no clear explanation regarding the range of the Grade system. But it is said that a fresher who enters the technical area of the company will start from Grade 4 or more and can reach up to Grade 13 or 14. 

Here is how the different people involved in the technical operations of CISCO are ranked or graded –

Grade 04 – 05 – Base level Engineer

If you are a graduate with a Bachelor degree, then you will be hired for this position. As with others he/she is also a Software engineer who is a complete fresher with no working experience. 

In most cases, the Grade 4 software engineers will be involved in the repetitive, recording, or base level projects or tasks. You need to serve as an assistant for the senior or associate software engineers, to learn the skill and the workflow. 

After one or more years of experience, you will be promoted to Grade 5 software engineer where you will be assigned particular tasks and held responsible for them. 

Grade 06 -08

The software Engineers who are classified under Grade 6 can be the ones who are promoted from Grade 5 or the fresher with Master Graduation. In case the resource is a direct entry, he/she will be graded as Grade 5 for the first 6 months, and then promoted to Grade 6. 

The engineers in the Grade 6 -8 are mostly independent, they receive the tasks from the seniors and are involved in the development or management. They work independently if tasks are isolated. In other cases, they will work as a team under the leadership of the project lead. 

Even though you don’t have a master degree, you can directly enter Grade 7, if you have prior working experience in any other reliable IT company. 

Grade 09 – 10

This Grade covers the Senior Engineers. Senior Engineers are the ones who have served in the same area for years and have deep knowledge of them. Sometimes they are called by other names such as the Tech Consultant, Test Engineer, etc… 

They help the low-level software engineers who face any difficulty in their task. In the case of teamwork, they will be given complex functions or testing functions. 

Grade 11 -12

This Grade level covers the Project lead, principal manager, project manager, and other positions. The resources in this grade will have deep technical knowledge and basic managing and administration skills. They act as a bridge between the management and technical teams. 

Grade 13 -14

This grade covers the Directors, Vice president, or General Managers, who communicate with the higher Executives like CEO, CTO, and CFO regarding the technical operations of the company. 

The role discusses with the clients and makes decisions in adopting the project and is also responsible to ensure that all the software developed under the organization meets the organizational guidelines. 

After this grade, the positions are fully focused on management, marketing, and networking and there is a low scope of technical operations. 

If you have any further doubts regarding the Technical hierarchy of CISCO please leave them in the comment section below.

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Technical Hierarchy TCS

Network Administrator vs System Administrator

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In this article, we will discuss about the technical hierarchy in WIPRO.

Note – This article only covers the technical positions and non-technical roles like managerial and marketing are not covered. 

Okay, without further delay let’s start with a short intro on WIPRO.

About WIPRO

If you are an Indian you should have heard a lot about the WIPRO – It is an Indian Multinational company that provides information technology, consulting and business process services, and other digital marketing solutions. 

The company started as Oil-based and then extended to different sectors. Now it has separated its non-IT-based business and formed a separate privately owned WIPRO Enterprise. It has 231,671 employees as per 2021 statistics.

You can also watch this video for better understanding:

Technical Hierarchy of WIPRO

As with other IT companies, WIPRO also follows the band system. Here is how the band hierarchy formed. 

• Band A1-A3  Executives
• Band TRB     Trainees
• Band B1-B3  Senior Executives or Assistant Manager
• Band C1-C2  Project Manager or Senior Manager
• Band D1-D2 Head of Functions or General Manager
• Band E          Chief Executives, Presidents, Vice presidents

A Band

This band is for people with non engineering background (for people with MSc or other degrees apart from engineering). They will undergo a 4 years WASE or WISTA program to complete M.Tech from VIT or BITS. During these 4 years they will have weekend classes of M Tech and simultaneously will take part in projects on weekdays.

If you join the WIPRO after your B.E. or B.Tech graduation, then here is how your technical chain of command forms – 

TRB Band

Technically this band is not included in the band system. It is called the Team Rainbow band. This is the first band you will land as a fresher with no experience. Once your training period ends, you will be promoted to the B1 band. It is just a temporary band. 

B1 Band

This is the band, where the project engineers and associate project engineers are classified. Here, you will work on the development of solutions as per the guidance of the senior engineers or team leads. 

As per an estimate, you can expect a salary between 3-5 lakhs per annum. Mostly you will be promoted from this position after 3 or 4 years. 

B2 Band 

After you are promoted to a Senior Engineer you will classify under the B2 band. You can expect a salary between 6- 8 lakhs per annum. You will be responsible to guide the software or project engineers when they meet with struggles. 

You can expect a promotion after 5 years; however, this can change based on your performance. 

B3 Band

This band includes the head positions like team lead, module lead, Assistant manager, etc… A team leader is someone who lead a team of project engineers to complete a particular task assigned to him/her by the project manager. 

It is his/her responsibility to check the internal communication and relationships of the team. The resource should help the team when they meet difficulty and decides the role of each one. 

C1 Band

From this band, the managerial positions start. Though the positions like project manager, project head, etc… Should have the technical knowledge to guide the personals in B band, they are more involved in the managerial activities. 

They are the ones who communicate with a client or the director and plan the project and requirements for the project. You can expect an annual salary of 10 -15 lakhs. 

C2 Band

It is the band for the senior project manager, senior managers, managers who are involved in any special works. They also play the same role by managing the group of experts, technicians to do the task-directed by the management. Based on their seniority and experience their salary can vary from 15 -25 lakhs per annum. 

D1 Band

All the designations or career opportunities covered after this band are purely business or administration-based. The D1 band consists of the project head, directors, General managers, etc…

The average annual salary can vary between 20 -30 lakhs per year.

D2 Band

You can simply say this band is for the directors, or the chief officers who manage a separate branch, or department. The roles and responsibilities may vary based on the area they serve. The average annual salary is 30 – 40 lakhs per year. 

E Band

The final and highest band consists of the chief executives like CEO, CFO, CTO, president, chairman, Board of Directors, etc… 

If you have any more questions about the technical hierarchy in WIPRO please leave them in the comment section.

***The salary packages are only indicative and may vary as per the rise and low of the demand.***

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HCL Technical Hierarchy

IBM: Technical Hierarchy

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In this article you will get a clear idea about the technical hierarchy of the HCL Company. Before that here is a short introduction about HCL.

A short Introduction on HCL

HCL is the leading Information technology company based in India. It has been serving numerous clients and businesses all around the world through its digital technology transformation. It has its offices in 52 countries with an employee strength of 197,777 (as on 31^th December, 2021). Their clients include 250 of 500 Fortune India and 650 of Global 2000.

You can also watch this video for better understanding:

Technical Hierarchy in HCL

The Technical Hierarchy in the HCL is not much different from the ones in other Multinational IT companies. They also follow the band system with different names.

Here is how the technical Hierarchy of the HCL goes…

E0 – Software Engineer

As with every other organization when you finish your engineering graduation you will get hired as a software engineer. It is the base band of the HCL. The software engineer will be responsible for the software development and maintenance.

The average annual salary of the software Engineer in HCL is 4 lakhs in Indian rupees. You will be serving as the software engineer for the first 6- 8 months.

E1 – Senior Software Engineer

This E1 band has two sub-division as E1.1 and E1.2. The positions of the two-division can be available based on the size and working of the branch or office. However, the E1 band covers the positions like senior software Engineers or consultants.

You will be serving in this category for 3 to 5 years. The average annual salary of the HCL company is 8 lakhs in Indian rupees.

E2 – Technical Leader

On successful promotion from the E1, you will be assigned as the E2 band level authority. As with the previous one, this also consists of two subsections, like E2.1 and E2.2.

The team leader or senior consultant falls under this band category. However, this may vary from department to department. In some departments, the Associate managers are also considered in the E2.2 band level.

The major responsibilities of the authorities at the band level are to manage and lead the group of engineers or persons. As there is no clear explanation about the position in this category, let assume the team leader and other related positions at this band level.

The average salary of the Team Leader in HCL India is 10-11 lakhs  INR per year.

E3 – Project Manager

When you join the company you will only be able to reach or report to this band level. This band E3 covers all the persons and authorities like technical specialists, project manager, senior project manager, Associate General Manager Etc…

The major responsibility of the person in this band is to manage the projects of the company and assign the tasks to each person. In some cases like tech specialists, they express their expert view on the projects.

E4- Group Project Manager

E3 and E4 bands are very similar, the main difference between them is the level or amount of projects handled by them. It can also contain the same positions like Tech specialists, associate general manager, and group project manager.

The persons in this band are more experienced than the E2. And their salary is also a little higher than the previous one.

E5 – E9 (Administration & Management Based)

It is always hard to find the internal chain of command of an organization. However, it is speculated that the bands above E5 will consist of the main persons and authority.

The technical positions end by E4 after that most of the positions are administration and management based. Here is the rough assumption about it.

• Deputy General manager
• General Manager
• Director (for each department)
• Senior Director
• Associate president
• Vice president

E10 or EX

The CEO, president, and Chairman falls under E10 or EX Band.

This article should have given you a basic idea about the technical hierarchy of the HCL. If you have any further questions please leave them in the comment section.

***The salary packages are only indicative and may vary as per the rise and low of the demand.***

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IBM: Technical Hierarchy

Tech Mahindra: Technical Hierarchy

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A Short Introduction to TCS

TCS is expanded as the TATA Consultancy Services; it is one of the largest Indian Multinational technology companies. It is the largest IT Company in the world by 2021 with market capitalisation of $169.2 billion dollars. 

It is the subsidiary of the TATA sons company and operates in 149 locations in 46 countries. TCS is placed among the world’s most reputable IT services with 469,261 employees. 

You can also watch this video for better understanding:

Technical Hierarchy of TCS

The technical Hierarchy in TCS is similar to the system followed in Infosys and HCL. However the band system followed by the TCS is not available for the outsiders. In this article we just explain the hierarchy or Chain of command based on the designation or position. 

So, here is how the technical Hierarchy of the TCS looks like…

Assistant System Engineer Trainee 

When you first start with TCS after your graduation you will be positioned as the Assistant System Engineer Trainee shortly called as ASE Trainee. The ASE trainee is the starting position, where you will get the full exposure relating to the system engineer works. 

For one year or at least 6 months you will spend your time in this position. The estimated average annual salary of an Assistant System Engineer Trainee in TCS is 3, 36,877 Indian Rupees. 

Assistant System Engineer 

After gaining one year experience as a trainee you will be promoted to Assistant System Engineer, where you assist the system engineer with works and projects. There will be now major difference in the work and tasks performed by you. 

The average annual salary of an assistant system engineer in TCS is between 3 to 4 lakhs based on your experience and skill. 

System Engineer 

It is the highest position you can reach as an engineer. After your two years of experience in TCS you will become a system engineer, the one who performs directly under the team lead, tech consultant or project manager based on the different types of cases. 

You will be serving as the system Engineer for the next 3 to 4 years. The average annual salary of a System Engineer in TCS is 4 to 5 lakhs. 

IT Analyst

After 5 to 7 years of experience and performance you will be promoted into the IT analyst. Here you will no longer be doing the developing job, instead you will analyse the system and give suggestions for the development. 

The average annual salary in TCS for an IT Analyst is 5 to 8 lakhs. 

Assistant Consultant 

If you have more than 7 years of experience in TCS, then you will be promoted as Assistant consultant. The role and responsibility of an Assistant Consultant may differ based on the type of project. 

However, he will be consulting many clients or assisting the consultants for next few years. There will be an increment of salary up to 10% or 12%.

Associate Consultant 

You can become an Associate consultant after 10 years of experience, and it is fully performance based. As TCS mainly focused on IT consultancy services there are more than one Associate Consultants. 

Consultant and Senior Consultant

The roles of Associate Consultant and Consultant are similar. However the salary, responsibilities and power of a consultant is a bit higher than the Associate consultant. 

If you have served as a consultant more than 3 years you will be promoted as senior consultant or principal consultant based on your performance. 

Principal Consultant

The role is the prime and supreme authority in the technical chain command. He/she will lead and command many consultants and allot the tasks or clients for each consultant based on their performance. 

The resource is responsible to communicate with the managerial team and higher authorities like Vice President and CEO. 

There are many designations more than the ones discussed above. But they are related to business and management. And also note that only the designations are discussed in the article not the roles. 

For example a senior System engineer can also be a team lead for a project, and a Tech consultant or Analyst can also perform the test engineer in some projects. The roles will vary based on the projects and tasks. 

If you have any further please let them in the comment section below.

***The salary packages are only indicative and may vary as per the rise and low of the demand.***

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Technical Hierarchy of Tech Mahindra

What is future of Network Engineers?

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In this article, you will get to know how the hierarchy or tier system is followed in Accenture and about your possibility of promotions and hikes. Before starting, let’s remember that this article only covers the Technical positions, others like a business and managerial hierarchy are not included in this article. 

You can also watch this video for better understanding:

About Accenture

A small introduction about Accenture as an organization may help. Accenture is an Ireland-based consulting and Information service company. It is headquartered in Dublin, Ireland. It is listed among the Fortune 500 of the world. It provides strategy, consulting, digital technology, marketing, branding, and other operations services. 

Its clients include 91 companies of the Global Fortune 100, and more than a quarter of Fortune global 500. It has offices branches around the world and works worldwide. As per the 2020 stats, it has more than 5,14,000 employees. 

Technical Hierarchy: Accenture Job Roles

As with the other IT firms, Accenture also follows the grading or tier system called levels. There are 13 levels in the Technical area of the company. Some levels are further divided into two or more sub-levels (not covered in the article). 

Here is how the technical Hierarchy of Accenture looks like – 

Level 13 New Associate or Assistant

This is an entry-level position. You will be hired as an Assistant when you are a fresher who just graduated. It is mostly a temporary position where you will be like a trainee who learns and adapts to the work environment. 

You will be promoted to be Associate after the 6-8 months of the training period. 

Level 12 Associate Engineer

This from where you will be involved in the real work. You will be given tasks or assignments by the Analyst. Or you will assist the Analyst to finish the project in the hand. Here you will be exposed to the different situations so that you can analyze yourself. 

Mostly you will be promoted from this position after 1 or 2 years if you do well. 

Level 11 Analyst

Once you become an Analyst your responsibility begins. You should be able to involve in different projects and train the associate or Assistant. The resource will be involved in the projects of the company as per the instructions of the Senior Analyst or Team lead. 

Level 10 Senior Analyst

It is not much different from the previous one; you will be promoted to a Senior Analyst after 3 years of experience as an Analyst. It means that you are aware of all the challenges of the respective field and more experienced to handle them. There is an increase in salary between the Analyst and Senior Analyst positions.

Level 9 Consultant, Team Lead, or Specialist

After your period of Senior Analyst, you will be promoted to either of the three based on your skills and performance. If you are on good terms with the team you will be a Team Lead, and if you are an expert you will be promoted into the Specialist or consultant. 

Level 8 Associate Manager

As with the Associate Engineer, it is all the learning phase. A technical expert will slowly get to know about the business and administration in this phase. You will be promoted to a manager or next position based on your performance. 

Level 7 Manager or Principal

The role leads many team leads and hundreds of Engineers and Analysts. He/she is the one who talks with the client and plans the project or product and assigns the tasks to the respective teams. 

Level 6 Senior Manager

As explained previously it is just a senior position provided for those who are more experienced and potential. The pay and the responsibility increase once you become a senior manager. And this is the last or highest managerial position in Accenture.

 Level 5 Associate Director 

A director is mostly involved in the administration and decision-making works than the technical ones. Associate Director is the one who substitutes the presence of the director.

 Level 4 Managing Director (MD)

This responsibility is the one who takes the final decision when it comes to the technical area. He/she has high responsibility and makes communications both inside and outside the company to ensure the efficient working of the technical team. 

This level is the one who checks whether the consultancy or software solutions provided are as per the company’s rules. 

Level 3 and Above

The positions above the 3rd level and above are higher positions like Chief Technical Officer (CTO), Vice President and Chief Executive Officer, etc… 

If you have any further doubts please let us know in the comment section. 

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Technical Hierarchy: Capgemini Job Roles

Technical Hierarchy: CISCO Job Roles

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Are you a newbie to this area, wondering what is the difference between the System Engineer and System Administrator? Want to know which one suits you best?

Then you are in the right place. Here in this article, you will get a basic understanding of these two roles and their respected responsibilities. Okay without further ado, let’s dive into the article.

Well, the truth to be told, there is no definite explanation for these two roles. The roles and responsibilities of the System Engineer and System Administrator vary from one company to another. But here is a rough and general description of these roles –

What is a System Engineer?

System Engineering is the branch of Engineering, which deals with the creation and designing, development, technical management of the different types of systems or computers. And a system engineer is a person who coordinates different teams, and experts to develop an efficient system to obtain the target or best output.

System Engineers provide engineering help by developing and implementing solutions to complex technical challenges. They troubleshoot issues that arise in the system architecture and collaborate with other teams to find efficient solutions.

They play an important role in this multi-dimensional computer world and often work together with the project manager. He/She is involved in each development phase of the systems and a system engineer will have a deep understanding of modern Systems, networking.

Roles & Responsibilities of a System Engineer

Here are some major duties and roles of the System Engineer:

• Assisting the whole development process in the Architectural perspective involves planning, designing, and forecasting of budget.
• Maintaining familiarity with the industrial standards and making notes of the process and other tools in the development process for future upgrades.
• Designing a perfect system based on the customer’s or project manager’s recommendation.
• Conducting the total system analysis while maximizing the output considering the program syntax, structure, etc…

What is a System Administrator?

As the name says, a System Administrator is an Admin who manages and maintains the System. The system administrator is shortly called Sysadmin. While the system engineer focuses on designing and creating systems, the system administrator is involved in the ongoing support of those systems and networks.

They manage the system security, operation time and make sure it needs matches with the existing budget. To become a system administrator, you should have a bachelor’s degree related to IT or Software Engineering. And you should keep on developing your technical skills.

Roles & Responsibilities of a System Administrator

Here are the roles and responsibilities of a System Administrator-

• The major duty of the System Admin is to provide support to the individual users which include internal employees and external customers.
• As a sysadmin, you are required to troubleshoot or fix any issues in the system operation.
• He/She is mostly involved in the documentation process.
• Continuously monitors the system and security functions of the system.
• System Admins should ensure the proper backup and recovery plan.
• Check the compatibility of the system and make recommendations to the system engineer.
• Database management, patching, and installations.

Difference between the System Engineer & System Administrator

Alright by now, you should have got the basic idea about the System Engineer and System Administrator, now let’s see the difference between them.

PARAMETERS	SYSTEM ENGINEER	SYSTEM ADMINISTRATOR
Scope of Work	System Engineer develops, designs the systems.	The system Administrator maintain, manage and support the system
Skills required	Deep Technical knowledge relating to systems.	Technical Knowledge, communication, and managerial skills
Salaries	The average annual salary of a System Engineer is $99,486.	The average annual salary of a System Administrator is $82,057.
Certifications	Microsoft Certified System Engineer(MCSE), Certified Information System Security Professional Architecture (CISSP).	Microsoft Windows Server and Desktop Certifications, Unix, Linux, CompTIA Network, and A+ certifications.
Focus	The focus is on creating and improving the systems through different stages.	Focus on managing the system and supporting the Information Technology Infrastructure.

Download the comparison table: System Engineer vs SysAdmin

Conclusion

In short, a system engineer is a creator, and a system administrator is a manager. Both technical positions involve a close relationship and in small organizations, a single person does both jobs.

If you have any further questions or thoughts please leave them in the comment section below.

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Network Administrator vs System Administrator

Network Architect vs Network Engineer

In this article, we will discuss the technical hierarchy of the Alcatel Lucent Enterprise. Remember this article only covers the technical positions others like managerial and marketing are not covered. 

Okay without further adieu let’s start with a short intro on Alcatel Lucent.

Introduction to Alcatel Lucent Enterprise

Alcatel Lucent Enterprise is shortly called ALE International. It is a French Software company headquartered in Colombes, France. It is one of the recent Telecommunication companies formed in 2014. 

In 2006, France-based Alcatel and American-based Lucent Technologies merged and formed Alcatel Lucent Private Enterprise. Later it was merged into Nokia Network but still working as a Separate Enterprise. 

The company develops infrastructure software for networking, data centers, Wifi networks, and cloud management, etc… Their business focuses on the following three corporate divisions – Core Networking, Acces, and Other. 

Okay, that’s enough for the introduction. Now let’s see the technical Hierarchy of the Alcatel Lucent Enterprise.

Technical Hierarchy in Alcatel Lucent Enterprise 

As per the recent stats Alcatel Lucent employs people between 1000 – 5000. Among them here only technical positions are discussed. The technical positions in Alcatel Lucent Enterprise can be divided into two departments. Information Technology and software development. 

Here is the technical Hierarchy order in those technical departments – 

Software Engineering:

Intern/Trainee

This is the first position you will be allocated when you join the company. You will be hired as a Trainee Software Engineer when you are a fresher who just graduated. It is mostly a temporary position where you will be like a trainee who learns and adapts to the work environment. 

You will be promoted after the 6-8 months of the training period. The Average Salary of the Intern Software Engineer in Alcatel Lucent is ₹27,000 – ₹30,000 per month. 

Software Developer

After successful completion of the training period, you will be promoted to a software developer. You will help the engineer in the development, consultation, and maintenance of IT projects. This is the stage where you can explore different challenges and learn from them. 

Once you get enough experience to handle the assignment on your own you will be promoted. Mostly it will be after 2 or 3 years. The average annual salary of the Software Developer in Alcatel and Lucent is ₹4,00,000. 

Software Engineer 

As an Engineer, you will give solutions to various software problems. And you should have deep knowledge and understanding to become a Software Engineer. It is the maximum position you can enter directly. 

The Average Annual salary of the Software Engineer in Alcatel Lucent is ₹ 6,50,000.

Senior Software Engineer

It is a senior position in the Engineering sector. You would manage a group of software engineers and developers to achieve the common company goal. To become a Senior Software Engineer along with the programming knowledge you should have other skills like leadership skills, communication, etc… 

The Average Annual Salary of the Senior Software Engineer in Alcatel and Lucent Enterprise is ₹10,34,956. 

Information Technology:

There is no defined hierarchical order for the jobs under this category and they are not customers concerned. They are focused on inter-organizational working. Here are some of the job titles under this category – 

Technical Consultant

Technical consultants help the use of technology inside the organization and help them to achieve the organization’s goals. They will be experts in particular technical fields. 

The Average Salary of the Technical Consultant in Alcatel Lucent enterprise is ₹2,00,000 per month.

Technical Specialist

Their roles and Responsibilities resemble the technical consultant however they would have deep knowledge and experience in various sectors. 

The Average Annual Salary of the Technical Specialist in Alcatel Lucent enterprise is 14,32,343.

Cyber Security Analyst

They ensure the security aspects of the organization and periodically check the software and update them and fix the bugs or errors in them. 

The Average Annual Salary of the Cyber Security Analyst in Alcatel Lucent enterprise is 8,34,244.

If you have any further doubts please leave them in the comment section below. 

***The salary packages are only indicative and may vary as per the rise and low of the demand.***

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Technical Hierarchy in Arista Networks

Technical Hierarchy: HP Enterprise

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But you can’t join a company without knowing basic information about it. So in this article, you will get to know the basic information about the Arista Networks and the technical Hierarchy and Salaries of the respective roles. 

Okay without further ado, let’s get into the article. 

A Short Introduction to Arista Networks: 

Arista Networks is an American Multinational Company headquartered in Santa Clarita, California. It is formerly called the Arastra, it sells self-designed multi-layer switches to deliver software-defined networking. Their products include 7124SX, Ethernet low-latency-cut-through switches, etc.. which remains the fastest switch using SFP+ optics. 

It also has a Linux-based Network Operating System, Extensible Operating System that runs on all Arista Products. As of 2020, it employs more than 2600 permanent employees. And it is considered a strong competitor to Extreme Networks, Juniper Networks, Cisco Systems, and Aruba Networks of HPE. 

Technical Hierarchy in Arista Networks: 

Though Arista Networks has a well-known name it is comparatively small to other big tech giants thus it doesn’t follow any particular tier or Level system on their job Titles. 

They follow the flat Hierarchy method, which emphasizes team collaboration instead of superior and subordinate relationships. And there is only a little information available about the technical positions on Arista Networks. 

Here are the Technical Positions and their respected annual salary. For your information, the salary reported here is only an approximation and can vary from one country to another. 

i) Intern 

When you first join the Arista Networks as a fresh graduate, you will work as an Intern in the particular department you choose for the first 6 months. Here you will get used to the work culture and your talent will be valued. 

After 6 months you will be assigned to a team or promoted to Software Engineer. The average Annual Pay of Intern Arista Networks is $72,000 per year. 

ii) Software Engineer

This is the position where you will get into your real work. As the flat hierarchy is followed in Arista at this level itself you will collaborate with various Senior and other Executives. The majority of your work will be related to Network Engineering, System Software Development, etc… 

The Average Annual pay of a Software engineer in Arista Networks is $111,662 per year. 

iii) Senior Software Engineer 

After gaining enough experience as Software Engineer you will be promoted to a Senior Software Engineer. As a Senior Software Engineer, you should have deep knowledge of computer and network systems. 

The average salary of the Senior Software Engineer in Arista Networks is $129,117 per year. Sometimes senior software engineers are also engaged in new research work and called under the job title Network Research Engineers. 

iv) Software Test Engineer 

To become a Software test engineer you should have both technical knowledge and a good understanding of the customers or clients’ needs. You are responsible to check the software or products and evaluate them. 

He/She should notify the defects and improvements to the DevOps team as a report. The Average Salary varies between $98,352 – 127,235 per year. 

v) Technical Lead

After you gain enough experience you would take additional responsibilities and will be promoted to a Technical lead position. As a technical lead with you leadership skills your will oversee a group of technical personnels or department of a particular branch. 

The average Annual Salary for a Technical Lead in Arista networks is 132,879 per year. 

vi) Product Manager

A product manager is more like a customer or client-based position than the technical one. He/She should have the basic technical knowledge to understand things, but most of their work involves communicating with the client and planning. 

The average Annual Salary of a Product Manager in Arista networks is $145,654 per year. 

That’s it after the product manager, administrative and mechanical Engineering department starts. As this article is about technical positions let’s end the article here. 

If you have any more questions on the Arista Networks technical Hierarchy Please share them in the comment section below. 

***The salary packages are only indicative and may vary as per the rise and low of the demand.***

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Technical Hierarchy: HP Enterprise

Technical Hierarchy: L&T Technologies

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Please check our e-store for e-books on Interview Q&A on IT technologies. All the e-books are in easy to understand PDF Format, explained with relevant Diagrams (where required) for better ease of understanding.

Are you new to this Technical Market? Wondering what is a Sales Engineer and Pre-Sales Engineer? Though these terms are used synonymously, they have different meanings and roles. 

Do you want to know the difference between a sales engineer and pre-sales engineer? then you are in the right place. In this article, you will learn about it. Without further ado let’s get started. 

What is a Sales Engineer?

To understand this first, you should know how the products or software solutions are sold in B2B, that’s between software companies. In general, a Software company will create a solution for other businesses, and the sales engineer will sell them to the purchasing engineer of the client company. 

The Sales Engineer is called by different names in different companies, some of them are – Solution Engineer, Sales Architect, Sales Consultant, etc…

• A sales Engineer will have enough technical knowledge about the software solution or product. 
• The technical knowledge of the Sales engineer includes the installation process, machining phases, Product components and different dimensions, Test results, and other basic technical parameters. 
• He/She communicates with different clients and makes the sale to the client companies that need the solution.
• His/Her Engineering Knowledge will help in convincing the client to purchase.
• He should have clear knowledge about the product and make a contract with customers with a clear notice on Post sales support. 

What is a Pre-Sales Engineer?

The previous Sales Engineer and the opposite Purchase Engineer are just Salespeople with technical knowledge of the product. However, the technical knowledge or understanding of the product is limited (mostly 30%). 

In this case, the Pre-sales Engineer, who is also known as a technical support Engineer gets involved.

• As one of the contributors in Software development, he/she will have deep and thorough knowledge about the solution.
• A pre-sales engineer will make a demonstration of the software to the client (or multiple clients).  
• A Pre-sales Engineer doesn’t get involved in the sales or purchase process, he/she simply demonstrates and illustrates the benefits to the clients. Then the sales engineer will communicate with interested clients and make the sale. 
• The opposite of the Pre-sales Engineer is the technical Oriented Engineer, who checks the company infrastructure and sets clear standards for choosing the sellers or solutions. Sometimes they are also called Pre-purchase engineers. 

What is a Post-Sales Engineer?

Other than these two positions, there is also a post-sales Engineer, who provides support and guidance to the customers or clients after the sale. As the sale is made, now the Post-sales engineer can run the solution in the client system and give recommendations and support for further improvement. 

However post-sales engineers are part of after-sales services and most of the organization provide these services only to the recurring clients. Only the large one provides this service to every client. 

Difference between the Sales Engineer and Pre-Sales Engineer 

Here are the differences between the Sales Engineer and the Pre-Sales Engineer-

PARAMETER	SALES ENGINEER	PRE-SALES ENGINEER
Scope of work	Sells the technical products to other business houses.	Demonstrate the technical products to the customers to let them know the potential of the product.
Also known as	Solutions engineer, solution architect, sales consultant, etc…	Technical support, technical consultant, etc…
Performance	Partially dependent on the Pre-Sales Engineer	Dependent on Sales Engineer.
Technical Knowledge	A sales Engineer only has the basic(30%) technical knowledge about the product which is needed to sell a product.	A pre-sales engineer has deep knowledge and can demonstrate the various functions of the software in detail.
Salary	The average salary of the Sales Engineer is ₹4,34,254.	The average salary of the Pre-sales engineer is ₹3,12,354.

Download the comparison table: Sales vs Pre-Sales Engineer

Conclusion

In short, the terms pre-sales engineer, sales engineer, and post-sales engineer just refer to the salesperson with an engineering degree who sells technical products between businesses. Many IT companies only have a Sales Engineer who supports all three job duties. 

If you have any further questions or thoughts please leave them in the comment section below. 

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Pre-sale vs Post-sale : Know the difference

Network Administrator Vs System Administrator

“What is the difference between a Software Engineer & a Computer Engineer?”

Both of them relate to Computer and uses engineering ideas and concepts that is why it is confused with one another most times. They both are used simultaneously like one cannot survive without another. In this article you will get a clear idea of how they differ and their roles.

Who is a Software Engineer?

A software engineer is a person who uses engineering knowledge to create, discover, design practical and software solutions to the problem with a system. Most IT professionals are software Engineers. Software engineers will have deep programming knowledge and a clear understanding of the computer hardware functions. They hear from the clients or companies and create the software solutions accordingly.

He will command a team of programmers and responsible for the bug fixing and maintenance of software.  In short, a software engineer deals with the invisible resource of a computer, that is software.

Who is a Computer Engineer?

A Computer Engineer is a person who uses computer science engineering concepts to create, design the components of the computer. He makes innovations in computer hardware.

He uses computer science knowledge to know the needs of the Computer field and implements electrical engineering concepts to create super components. He observes the market and creates new hardware that can perform better than previous. The resource commands a group of technicians, electricians and responsible for repairing and optimization of the hardware.  A Computer engineer creates visible resources like hardware and other connections like cables, USB, etc…

Comparison Table: Software Engineer vs Computer Engineer

It is really hard to separate Software Engineering and Computer Engineering even though they both are two different degrees or qualifications. And one cannot work without the other. Below the table shows their different functions are interrelated into the whole picture.

PARAMETER	SOFTWARE ENGINEER	COMPUTER ENGINEER
Definition	Is a computer or coding expert who uses the knowledge of engineering to build software.	Is a computer science enthusiast who uses electrical engineering knowledge to build hardware.
Education	Graduates the software engineering and has a deep understanding of software and programming concepts.	Can be a graduate in computer science. He has a deep understanding of the electrical and hardware functions of computers.
Role	A software engineer plans to monitor and involve in the whole software development life cycle (SDLC)	The computer engineer designs the blueprint of the hardware and involves in the innovations of new technologies.
Working Nature	A software engineer mostly works with a team of engineers or programmers.	A computer engineer leads a multi-nature team that contains electrical, mechanical, and software experts to create well-performing hardware.
Responsibilities	Responsible to analyse and evaluate the client’s needs and prepare the requirements. And ensure the proper functioning of the software.	Responsible to evaluate and find room for improvement in the existing hardware product.  And responsible for the reliability of the product.
Hierarchy	Is superior to programmers in a team.	Is superior to multiple personal involved in the creation of the hardware.
Nature	Software Engineer works are mostly service nature. Rarely involved in the manufacturing industry.	A computer engineer is mostly hired in a company that manufactures and sells hardware.
Estimated Salary	The Average estimated Annual Salary of a Software engineer is $93, 280.	The Average estimated Annual Salary of a Computer Engineer is $97,398
Product/Output	He creates software, OS, and applications like VLC, Windows, Facebook, etc…	He creates hardware like Processors, GPU, Motherboards, and Hard Disk, etc…

Download the comparison table here.

Which is the best career path for me?

Well, from the above discussion you can surely see that both fields are interrelated. They have good future opportunities and salaries. So the answer depends on your individual area interest. If you are a person who is most into programming and coding then software engineer/engineering may be the best choice for you. And if you are fascinated about the working of the processor, soldiering motherboards then computer Engineering/ Computer engineer is the best career path for you.

This article should have given you a clear idea about the computer engineer and software engineer and helped you get rid of the confusion. Do you still have questions? Please share them in the comment section below.

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Software Development vs Web Development

Technical Hierarchy: CISCO

In recent years many development and career opportunities have been introduced in the IT and Computer world.  It is even hard for a computer or IT-based companies to hire and select the candidate with an apposite skill set for their job. This is because of the array of terminologies. Most of us confuse Software Engineers and Programmers; though they serve the same purpose they are in a different position and need different skills. In this article you will know the clear difference between the Software Engineer and Programmer.

Who is a Software Engineer?

A Software engineer is a person who applies engineering knowledge in the programming field. He listens to the clients or company needs and designs the software accordingly. A software Engineer should have clear coding knowledge and innovative talent to find a solution for the impossible.

With their advanced mathematics knowledge and engineering role, they focus on the big picture. Software engineers are also referred to as Software Architects – as they build and plan the design, functions, requirements, cost for the software development. At the same time, they also need good programming knowledge to communicate with programmers and to find a new solution to the problem in the existing software.

In simple terms, a software Engineer is a computer expert with computer knowledge who plans and monitors the Software Development Process.

Who is a Programmer?

A programmer is a person who is fluent in more than coding languages. He is capable of reading and understanding the existing codes or algorithms.

Most people confuse a programmer with coders. Coders now just know how to write the codes and they mostly don’t know many computer languages. A programmer can understand the requirements and creates a completely functional program with his code.

A programmer will usually have more coding knowledge than Software engineers, as he is constantly working on it. He is responsible to fix the bugs and ensure the proper working of the program.

Difference between the Software Engineer and the Programmer

It is very hard to differentiate both roles if it’s a small company. But in big companies you can easily classify them by their features here is how they differ.

PARAMETERS	SOFTWARE ENGINEER	PROGRAMMER
Definition	A computer or coding expert who uses the knowledge of engineering to build software.	Has wide computer knowledge and writes different codes.
Education	Has formal training and a degree in computer science engineering	Doesn’t have any engineering degree, most of them are bachelors in computer science or any other associate degree.
Role	A software engineer plans to monitor and involve in the whole software development life cycle (SDLC)	A programmer only codes a particular program/part of the whole software and is involved only in one stage of SDLC.
Skills	Has advanced knowledge of programming and mathematics. He should have the best analytical to find a new or alternative software solution.	Fluent in more than 2-3 programming languages, with the ability to read and write different algorithms.
Working Nature	A software engineer mostly works with a team of engineers or programmers.	A programmer works independently based on the direction received from the software engineers.
Responsibilities	Is responsible to analyze and evaluate the client’s needs and prepare the requirements.	Is responsible to translate the software engineer requirement or instructions to code and fix the bugs in them.
Hierarchy	Is superior to programmers in a team.	Is a sub-ordinate to the software engineers.
Suitability	Software engineers are suitable to create large solutions or software as they lead the team accordingly.	As a programmer works individually he can manage only the small tasks.
Salary	The Average Annual Salary of a Software engineer is $93, 280.	A programmer can receive an average salary of $78, 260 per year

Download the difference table here.

In simple words, a software engineer is like the civil engineer who plans, designs, analyses the cost and creates the blueprint for the building. An engineer can’t do that if he is not aware of the building techniques and ways, like that Software engineer should have the coding knowledge to design a perfect solution.

And a programmer is like a person who is working on the building site, doesn’t care about the cost, and primarily focuses on the quality of the construction. Programmer key focus area is mainly on the performance and bug fixation of the portion allotted to him.

If you have any further doubts, please leave your questions in the comment section.

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Microsoft Technical Hierarchy: Job Profiles

Cloud Architect vs Cloud Engineer

What is Agile SDLC?

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In the past five years, cloud computing has become a new trend in the IT Industry.  Many IT companies feel that adopting a cloud-based interface can lower their operating costs and maximize efficiency. Interestingly, this revolution has created many doubts and confusion.

This article is intended to address some of the common doubts. “What is the difference between Cloud Architect and Cloud Engineer?” Have you had this question in your mind then you will get the answer here?

Let’s start with the short intro to both careers:

What is Cloud Architect?

A Cloud Architect is a technical expert who designs the infrastructure of cloud-based servers and systems by taking the customer or business requirements in the mind.

They are reflective in the approach. They overlook the problems in the existing infrastructure and designs and reflect the mistakes and create a new infrastructure for the business.

Roles & Responsibilities of Cloud Architect

Here are the roles and responsibilities of the Cloud Architect –

• He/she determines how the cloud infrastructure should be designed and how it should be used to meet the final customers’ needs.
• Communicates the designs to the other staff, engineers, and technicians and guides them.
• Decides the operating procedures, data migration, development operations, etc…
• Should have a futuristic approach and record the designs for future use.
• The Cloud Architect has to communicate with the major stakeholders and other third parties and convince them to initiate new and innovative methods.
• Deep knowledge of programming knowledge like Java, PHP, Python, etc… And they should also have experience or a strong understanding of cloud-based platforms like Azure, AWS, and GCP, etc…

What is Cloud Engineer?

He/ She is also a computer technician who understands the cloud-based operations clearly and is involved in the day-to-day workings of the Cloud platforms. Cloud Engineer doesn’t care about the business objective or customer needs. The resource focuses only on the efficient working of the system or software.

It is his/her duty to monitor the solution and make necessary repairs, releasing new batches and maintenance. We can easily define the working of the cloud engineer with this simple slogan – “Build, deploy, Manage and Repeat”.

Roles & Responsibilities of Cloud Engineer

Here are the major responsibilities of the Cloud Engineer –

• Involving in the regular testing and maintenance of the cloud System.
• Developing a sound infrastructure as per the design plan of Cloud Architect.
• A cloud engineer should be comfortable with different operating systems like Windows, Linux, Android, macOS, etc…
• They are responsible to run jobs, deployments, services, etc., on the cluster. A cluster refers to a small portion of space in the cloud.
• Cloud Engineer is more focused on monitoring, measuring the performance, and ensuring the security of the particular cluster.
• The role should ensure whether the solution follows the design and company procedures mentioned in the design.

Difference between Cloud Architect & Cloud Engineer

From the above definition, you see the difference between the Cloud Architect and Cloud Engineer. A cloud Architect is like the Navigator, where the cloud engineer is like the Driver. They both work simultaneously and help the company to win the race. Here is more for you to know –

PARAMETER	CLOUD ARCHITECT	CLOUD ENGINEER
Organizational position	Leader, decision-maker, and organizer of the Cloud Computing	Executor – Takes actions and makes the plans and designs come into existence.
Focus	Focus on the organizational goals and ensure all the needs and requirements are fulfilled in the design.	Focus on whether the specifications mentioned in the design are implemented in the right place in the right way.
Area of Work	Planning and Designing – look for new upgrades and involve in innovation.	Executing and evaluating- ensures the safety and quality of the Cloud Infrastructure.
Qualification	Bachelor or master degree in computer engineering and cloud-based certifications, or in any related field	Bachelor’s degree or basic knowledge in Cloud platforms and deep practical skills.
Duties	Communicates with high authorities like the CEO, CTO, business vendors, and suggests to them about new Cloud technologies and methods to adopt them.	Communicates and trains the internal team of experts, and other workers involved to build an effective Cloud Solution.
Ranking	Ranks above all the technical Personals involved in cloud-based solutions.	Is a subordinate(indirect) of Cloud Architect and superior of other Tech-consultants
Alternative	Replaces the place of Cloud Administrator	In short firms, he/she replaces tech-consultant and programmers.

Download the difference table here.

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DevOps vs SRE

Cloud Engineer vs DevOps Engineer

It is common to be curious about the organization’s hierarchy where you just got hired. This article will give you a basic idea about the technical Hierarchy in CAPGEMINI.

A Short Introduction on CAPGEMINI

CAPGEMINI is a French Multi-national Technology company, headquartered in Paris. Since 1967, it has been serving people all around the world in Outsourcing, consulting, managing, etc… They help many businesses around the world to move to IT-based platforms.  It has been working in 50 different countries with 3,00,000 employees(2022) of which over 1, 25,000 are in India.

You can also watch this video for better understanding:

Technical Hierarchy in CAPGEMINI

Like the other IT and consulting companies CAPGEMINI also follows the band designation system. The major bands are P, M, O, and L. However the technical hierarchy is covered within P and M bands, others related to managerial. So in this article, you will see about the P and M bands.

P0 – Software Associate (SA)

It is the starting level technical position or band. Here you will help the software engineers with their basic workflows. This position is for freshers who just graduated straight from college.

Mostly a fresher with B.Sc under graduation is hired in this designation. There is a compulsory promotion after one year in this band.

P1 – Software Engineer (SE)

If you are a fresher, straight out from engineering college, then you will be hired for this band. After a few months of the training period, you will be assigned to work on the different development and maintenance programs.

You will be guided by a senior Software Engineer or team lead. And if you are a B.E graduate there is a compulsory promotion for you after one year.

P2 – Senior Software Engineer (SEE)

After getting experience as a Software engineer, you will be promoted to Senior Software Engineer. There is no further difference in the workings, it just you will be experienced in the particular program or project and will be responsible to guide others.

There is a salary increase and there is no information regarding the promotion. It is speculated that you need to do some extra courses or attend some training to get a promotion from here.

P3 – Associate Consultant (AC)

The works of a consultant are different from those of a software engineer. As an Associate Consultant, you will be learning about the functions and responsibilities of the Consultant under the guidance of a Consultant.

It is said you will be promoted after two years based on your performance.

P4 – Consultant (C)

The consultant is the person who communicates with the clients and gives them advice in the implementation of new technologies. He/she should have a wide technical knowledge and should be able to plan the process.

Mostly you can’t be hired as a consultant without prior experience. A consultant can also play different roles like team lead, technical analyst, or test engineer, etc…

P5 – Senior Consultant (SC)

As a consultant, if you gathered enough experience with different clients, then you will be promoted to Senior Consultant. There is an increase in salary and responsibilities. You should be familiarised with different aspects to become a Senior Consultant.

The P5 band is the last band that focuses only on technical skills and then comes the M band. It focuses both on technical and managerial skills.

M1 and M2 – Manager (M)

The manager here refers to the project manager and Program manager. He/she is responsible for the particular project assigned to him. A project manager will lead a team of consultants and engineers to the proper completion of the project.

A program refers to a group of projects carried by different teams and the one managing it is called a Program Manager. He/she should have the technical knowledge and managerial skill. The promotion chances solely depend on your performance from this stage.

M3 – M4 Senior Manager (SM)

A senior manager is a manager with enough experience. A senior manager is mostly appointed as a project manager or a general/technical manager of a particular branch. There is an increase in salary and responsibilities.

M5 and above – Directors and Vice presidents (D & VP)

The persons above the M5 band are mostly management-based, they do have technical knowledge and skills but they mostly focus on the administration and business sides. A company or branch can have different Directors and Vice presidents based on their expertise.

This is the technical Hierarchy in CAPGEMINI, if you have further doubts please share them in the comment section below.

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Responsibilities of a Cloud Architect

Enterprise Architect vs Solution Architect

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With Cloud technologies showcasing a mushroom growth in the IT world and all the types of organizations (whether financial, manufacture or retail etc) moving the workloads to cloud, buffet of new roles and responsibilities have spun up to manage and solution on Cloud platforms. One such primary role is that of Cloud Architect.
Cloud Network including front backend systems, servers, storage and management platforms combine to make up a Cloud computing architecture. A Cloud Architect, who is also an IT specialist, is responsible for deploying an organizations cloud computing strategy. This also includes plans of cloud adoption, application design in cloud and its management and monitoring. Cloud architects oversee application architecture and deployment including migration in the cloud environments.

A Bachelor’s degree in Computer Engineering, Electronics & Communication, Information Technology or relevant field is an essential requirement to qualify for the job role. Further, atleast 5 plus years of experience in designing, implementation and supporting IT cloud solutions is an essential ask in many interviews.

Key responsibilities of Cloud architect:

On a very high level, a Cloud Architect is responsible for converting the technical (both functional and non-functional) requirements of a project/program into architecture by designing it into a final workable solution. Below list encapsulates the responsibilities associated with a Cloud Architect role:

• Produce cloud strategy and manage the implementation of the strategy.
• Periodically assess and evaluate cloud applications including hardware and software.
• Designing and provisioning Cloud environment to meet company’s functional and non-functional requirements.
• Provision and organize cloud systems.
• Understand company’s cloud privacy and also work closely with IT security team.
• Respond to technical issues in a professional and timely manner.
• Responsible for planning and designing of cloud environment.
• Make sure the Cloud setup works with full efficiency and is up to date with usage of resources in cloud.
• Responsible for integration of 3^rd party or new application to Cloud environment
• Steering migration of services or work stack to Cloud environment.
• Introduction of tools for Cloud management
• Provisioning, maintenance, monitoring and management of cloud Infrastructure.
• Understand present and future business needs and implementing the cloud strategies in accordance to those needs.
• Providing training and mentoring to other roles engaged in end to end lifecycle of cloud structure.
• Assess the best cloud architecture solutions and propose the same to meet the strategic requirements of the company.

Skills required for a Cloud architect:

There are variety of technical and nontechnical skills which are required from cloud architect. The role also necessitates good collaboration skills in order connect with other architecture roles in the organization. Below are the key skills which make up a Cloud architect:

• Bachelor’s degree in computer Science, Electronics & Communication or equivalent field
• Skills in programming languages such as Python, Ruby and Elixir
• Automation and Orchestration
• Background of IT engineering
• Solid people management skills
• Superb leadership skills
• Thorough understanding of information and infrastructure Security
• Good written and verbal communication
• Good acquaintance with one or more operating system like Linux, UNIX, Solaris, Ubuntu and Windows OS.
• Good experience in designing and implementation cloud infrastructure, platforms and applications.

Cloud Certifications:

In order to be proficient architect, one needs to certify and have thorough understanding in Public Cloud setup link AWS, GCP, Microsoft Azure, Alibaba and OCP. Some of renowned Cloud Architect certifications are as under:

• AWS Solutions Architect – Associate Certification for AWS
• Microsoft Azure Solutions Architect
• Google Cloud Platform Solution Architects
• IBM Certified Solution Architect – Cloud Platform
• Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Architect Associate Certification

Related – Cloud Engineer vs DevOps Engineer

Conclusion:

Cloud Architect is a very coveted white collar role and many Public Cloud providers and organizations are in lookout for candidates with such skills and expertise. Future is pretty bright for such resources, since due to colossal success of cloud platforms, future growth in this domain will be exponential and an important role responsible for realizing this construct in the Cloud is that of a Cloud Architect.

There are some key IT roles in organizations which focus on strategic and technology related aspects across their breadth and depth. Two such technical roles are of Enterprise Architect and Solutions Architect. While the former focusses more on organizational strategy, latter works within ambit of strategy as well as technology. In this article we will understand both the roles in detail and how one differs from other.

Enterprise Architect

Enterprise Architect (EA) is a technical role of an experienced resource who bridges the gap between company Business goals and its IT architecture framework. This profile considers the strategy responsible for driving the organization and building its roadmap inline to company’s vision and intent. The enterprise architect will render linkage between organizational components and the external environment.

EA oversees the overall project landscape of the enterprise rather than Solution or Technical Architect who are limited to one or two projects. EA works alongside respective domain architects to design IT roadmaps the domains, understands operational gaps and cultivates methods for enhancement. Certification like TOGAF are a great source of learning for the role. One of the most notable fact is most of EAs were once solution architects and have good understanding of components level too.

Job role of Enterprise Architect will encompass:

• Understanding current architecture trends and providing recommendations to improve the IT estate.
• Gauging applications w.r.t compliance and business standards
• Assessing architecture in relation to organizational changes
• Disseminating best practices across technology resources in standard governance and IT frameworks

Solution Architect

Contrary to Enterprise Architect role, Solutions Architect’s role is limited to a specific solution and not across the company’s IT view. A solutions architect will organize activities, and work towards realization of the solution. This responsibility focuses on the detail of each solution and must construct solutions which are inline to business vision and governance as set by enterprise architect.

Solution Architect role is circumscribed as under –

• Studies business requirements so as to provide apt business solutions.
• Are required to manage application development teams during the design and implementation phase.
• Mentoring and training of resources under project purview.
• Collaboration with developers of project
• High level understanding of relationship between strategy and technology.

Now, lets compare both the profiles. While EA (Enterprise Architect) overlooks at IT from overall enterprise perspective, SAs (Solutions Architect) scope is limited up to solution level only. In terms of qualification level, both are technical roles requiring at least bachelor’s degree as eligibility criteria to qualify. Both are technical responsibilities with EAs focus on high level solution and latter on detailed technical understanding up to each component level. Also, Enterprise Architect requires substantial emphasis on company strategy which is lesser in case of SA, who is more focused on creation of solution Blueprints and standards.

Infact, EA’s primary goal is to create guidelines in accordance to company policies which are then adhered to be the Solutions Architect. EA develops strategy for End of Life refresh, technology and IT roadmap, whereas solutions Arhcitect is more into creation of Application/Database and infrastructure designs, test designs, training, manuals and use cases related to solutions being developed. We may also consider that Enterprise Architect as an overarching role which defines which problem requires a solution and then Solutions Architect is given responsibility to translate the problem into a solution.

Comparison Table: Enterprise Architect vs Solution Architect

The above shared points have been encapsulated in a tabular form for ease of understanding –

PARAMETER	ENTERPRISE ARCHITECT	SOLUTION ARCHITECT
Scope	Across projects of enterprise	Limited to specific solution
Educational qualification	Bachelor’s degree	Bachelor’s degree
Technology effort	High Level	Detailed
Strategy Focus	High	Medium
Interactions	Whole organizational communication	Teams engaged in specific solution
Blueprint or standard solution creation	No	Yes
Responsibility	Strategic roadmap for organization, IT principles and guidelines	Implementing a program consistent to guidelines laid by EA
Deliverables	·Strategy on EOL, technology refresh ·IT roadmap documents	·Application/Database/Infrastrucrture design ·Test Design ·Training and Manuals ·Creating use case
Problem & Solution	Defines which problem requires a solution	Translates problem to a solution
Life-Cycle involvement	During strategy development phase	During Business plan development for a project phase

Download the comparison table here.

Related – Cloud Engineer vs DevOps Engineer

At present, the average wage of network engineers is $85,000 per year. With the demanding jobs that pay them well and for that they are continually extending their comprehension of platforms, networks, software applications, and different features of their professions. Moreover, there can be more factors that can affect the salary of the network engineer that includes:

• Location: the geographical location of an organization can plays a big role in a salary, depending on the local economy.
• Employer: the size of the organization, whether they are in the private or public sector, etc.
• Education: the more certifications and education that you have, the higher your salary is likely to be
• Experience: whether you are an entry-level network engineer or have been in the role previously

Regardless of those factors, a good salary is offered to the network engineer. Various organisations also offer complete packages of benefits for full time employment that further enhances the value of the position.

As the advancement with the technology, systems and networks are also becoming complex thus increasing the demand of the network engineers. On the basis of company and specific position, the work for a network engineer can be defined as:

• Maintenance of computer network: The purpose of network engineers is to certify that the resource sharing and communication is operational or not, among all devices (printers, computers, servers, etc.) within the network. It also certifies whether the internet connection is working or not, limited disruptions, fast connections, and minimal downtime. They also have to do the interaction between users as well as outside vendors for maintaining the network.
• Staying up to date with new technologies: For the protection and maintaining their network of organisations. Network engineers have to stay tuned with the new and latest technologies. With the advent of new Software defined technologies like SDN and SDWAN, a paradigm shift has arisen – Software Defined Solutions. Network Engineers now need to relook at how network designing and configuration needs to be performed especially with new Overlay technologies like VxLAN being used in new technology Data Centers. Infact network configuration concept has shifted from CLI based commands to GUI based (Controller based) provisioning where orchestrators push the configuration to client network equipments. Nexus ACI is one such prominent name.
• Managing of implementation: For the IT projects, network engineers can also work as the role for manager. Overall implementation and management of the projects is done by these engineers.
• Designing of system: The responsibility of network engineers is to create the network design with the reference to the budget and the physical layout of the building. For the multiple buildings, network engineers must create the wide area network (WAN).

REQUIREMENT OF NETWORK ENGINEERS FOR BUSINESSES

People claims that the department of automation will occupy the jobs of network engineers but as per data it is a false statement. The facts demonstrate that automation will turn into an increasingly overwhelming piece of this industry, however network designers will essentially move their way to deal with their work and they may need to gain proficiency with a couple of new abilities.

NEED TO LEARN NEW ABILITIES

One of the system virtualization engineers said that he is now building up his software abilities to fulfil industry need. As an ever-increasing number of systems become robotized, his activity has moved from physical work into progressively inventive work. Rather than making endless supply of systems networking code, he’s working in dialects like Java, Python, devops and instructing himself to program and code so he can stay aware of the most recent applications.

The IT business has always included of extraordinary change. For example, Tech engineers perform just as quality and safety affirmation experts, investigating products and methodology to check their legitimacy. Presently they are provided with the work of documentation and system organization support. So also, network engineers would not leave — they will just adjust to an ever-advancing scene.

Monitoring your profession’s future can assist you with making arrangements for it. Consider taking extra certifications and training courses so you can satisfy tomorrow’s needs. If you remain on the ball, you will increase extra professional stability and become more popular.

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Network Administrator and System Administrator are the two terms that overlap each other but in reality, they are very different from each other. In this blog, we will discuss what the roles of network administrators and system administrators are and how they differ from each other.

Network Administrator:

The main responsibilities of the network administrator are to install, configure and support the local area network (LAN), wide area network (WAN), segment f a network system or internet system of an organization. It’s like a network administrator builds and maintains the road through which the system communicates.

The basic roles of the network administrator are as follows:

• Ordering network equipment: The network admin finds out the requirements which are needed for setting the new network and types of equipment like firewalls, switches, etc and gets the quotation from the different vendors.
• Configure/rack/test network equipment: It is the duty of the network administrator to deploy the equipment from the box to the rack. It is not that easy as a lot of planning is required before deploying the network. Planning revolves around IP space, access control, network segmentation, routing, network segregation, etc.
• Network Maintenance: Network equipment requires regular maintenance for patching & updates. It is the responsibility of network administrators to maintain these pieces of equipment for regular updates and he or she maintains the schedule of the window maintenance.
• Network Monitoring: Monitoring of the network is the biggest duty of a network administrator. A network admin knows the potential of a network outage and he or she can do this by using different software that is installed on the server. It is monitored through network devices via SNMP protocol.
• Network Troubleshooting: Whenever any problem occurs on a network, the network administrator finds the issue and troubleshoots it. In a network, continuous changes are made, out of which some changes fix one problem and create another issue. It is the network administrator’s job to find the root cause and solve the cause by implementing a potential solution.
• Cabling: Cables are used to connect devices in a network and the communication took place via cabling only. A network administrator is responsible for cabling.

System Administrator:

System administrators are responsible for the management, configuration & upkeep of computer systems of any business or organization.

The duties of the system administrator are as follows:

• Building/installing/configuring/Racking servers: System administrators are responsible for deploying the servers from the box to the rack. It covers the installation of the operating system, the setting of the RAID array, configuration of drive partitions, installation of updates, applications installation which are required and many more.
• Maintaining Servers: Servers require updates from the operating systems and applications & services that run on the server. It is the duty of the system administrator to maintain all the updates and scheduling of the window maintenance in case required. There are some servers in the business which are required to run all the time for the operation of the business and it is the duty of system administrator to manage its working. The maintenance of the window should be done on the weekends or at late night so that it should not impact the working of the business.
• Troubleshooting servers: During the working, there are chances that the server may face any issue which requires troubleshooting. It is the duty of the system administrator to troubleshoot the issue with a potential solution. He or he will find the root cause and on the basis of cause, they will fix the problem.
• Support: Most of the time system administrator are considered as tier 2 or tier 3 support system for help desk/ support team. In the case if tier 1 team is not able to resolve the issue related to the user, application or desktop then the system administrator tries to solve this.
• Project Management: The system administrator is responsible for project management. In the IT Company, it is common that new applications or new systems are designed regularly and it is the job of a system admin to understand these applications.

Key Differences : Network Administrator vs System Administrator

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In any IT setup, Network Engineer is the key and fundamental resource responsible for setup of network infrastructure on which all the services like Security, voice, wireless, messaging and Internet are made accessible. A network engineer is a technology expert who is highly skilled and trained in maintaining the connectivity of. Network engineering includes being responsible for formulating, implementing and executing all the computer networks within an organization.

Additionally, a network engineer plays crucial role in ensuring all the systems are functioning properly as instructed. The fundamental goal of a network engineer is to provide the maximum network to the organization with the security. Sometimes, organizations have to hire global network engineers across the countries depending on network complexity and an administration’s requirement. Their responsibility is to take care of technological advancements throughout the firm. This international network of engineers proves cost-effective for the organization.

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Key responsibilities of a network engineer include: 

• Router and Switch configuration
• Auditing in IP addresses.
• Arranging scheduled upgrades.
• Investigating faults in the network.
• Improving the efficiency of current networks
• Upgrading network equipment and data servers.
• Designing and implementing new network solutions.
• Linking with service desk engineers and project managers.
• Maintaining IT security systems and administering firewalls.
• Solving network problems and maximize network performance.

Skills required for network engineer:

Network Engineer job description should include the following skills and qualities:

Technical skills

A network engineer needs to:

• Understand the technical demands of their employer’s business
• Detailed knowledge of network protocols and services such as TCP/IP, DNS, proxy and DHCP.
• Well-known networking knowledge of protocols, devices, commands, topologies, techniques and best practices.
• Ability of handling network vulnerabilities.

Soft Skills

In addition to the technical knowledge and skills required of a network engineer, there are few of soft skills that will help in this career. These include

• Problem-solving and being a team player.
• Excellent communication skills are required as they have to communicate with the relevant parties – network engineers often report to business leaders, so the ability to communicate information confidently, clearly, and professionally is essential for them.
• Candidate must have multi-tasking skills and the ability to do various jobs at one time.
• Each and every organization gives more importance to time management, the candidate must adhere to the policies of the organization and the candidate should be able to complete the tasks on time.
• Excellent troubleshooting skills needed because troubleshooting requires experience and patience. The candidate must possess both to become a Network design engineer (Expert level).
• Network engineers are flexible enough as they often work on schedule time so as not to interrupt the work schedule of employees who need to be online at regular hours.

How to gain the essential network engineering skills?

Network engineering is an exciting, challenging field. But you can’t get there on your own. You require proper degree programme and you may specialize even further in the course of your networking career.

IT certifications and training courses are a great way to supplement on-the-job training.

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With networking training courses, you will learn about information security, operating systems, network administration and programming essentials. Depending on the organization, they may also require specific certifications or training courses.

An industry known certification is CCNA Routing &Switching. This certification also equips a professional network engineer with the knowledge and abilities required to work on Cisco products or any other networking vendor device. Another well know networking certification is Comptia A+ and network+.